Communication Interventions for Nonverbal Individuals with Neurological Disorders

Individuals with  neurological diagnoses like autism spectrum disorder (ASD), cerebral palsy, aphasia, Parkinson’s or developmental disabilities often have communication barriers that make traditional language difficult.With evolving therapies and communication technologies, these individuals have more ways than ever to communicate in their day-to-day life. Alternative communication methods can open doors to better understanding and inclusion. Communication Methods

There are many ways individuals can communicate besides spoken language. If you or someone you love is challenged by a difference that makes it difficult to communicate, consult a professional  to figure out what method works best for you or your loved one. Some examples include:

Augmentative and Alternative Communication or AAC systems have completely transformed communication for nonverbal individuals. These tools range from picture boards to advanced digital devices that can convert selected words or images into speech. There are many ways to use an AAC device, such as facial gestures, writing, pointing, or using a tablet with a specific app on it. 

PECS or Picture Exchange Communication Systems can be useful for individuals who have minimal communication abilities. The system provides pictures, which individuals can point at or pick up to signal their wants and needs.  They might hand over a card with a picture of food, for example, to indicate hunger. It’s an accessible, effective way to help communicate basic needs.

For individuals who can navigate speech – speech generating devices, SGDs offer more independence. Devices or apps on tablets allow users to form sentences or phrases that the device processes  out loud. Each device is individualized for the person, and has words, phrases, and information about themselves they may use on a daily basis. It’s a great way for nonverbal individuals to communicate complex thoughts. 

Sign language or simple gestures can be extremely effective tools. Sign language uses properties similar to spoken languages and can be used to have full conversations fluidly. 

Eye-tracking devices allow nonverbal individuals with limited mobility to use their eyes to communicate. Individuals would make selections from options on a preset screen. Devices are set up specifically for each user’s communication needs. 

Future Innovations in AAC and Therapeutic Support 

Advancements in technology are making communication tools more personalized, intuitive, and accessible, creating new ways for nonverbal individuals to express themselves.  

Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) provide immersive environments where individuals can practice social skills, helping them gain confidence before facing real-life situations. There have been several clinical studies testing the use of AR or VR for individuals with verbal limitations. This study has looked specifically look at how virtual reality can be used to highlight the strengths of children with autism. 

BCIs or Brain-Computer Interfaces, connect brain activity to devices, allowing nonverbal individuals to communicate through thoughts alone, a breakthrough technology with exciting potential. In a recent study, a man had four microelectrode arrays implanted in his brain. According to the study, the patient who had been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ACL) was able to render a 50-word vocabulary on the first day of use. This increased to 125,000 words on the second day of use. Though the studies have been limited, they are promising for the future. 

Resources

CommunicationFIRST

CommunicationFIRST is a nonprofit organization focused on protecting the rights and supporting the needs of individuals who “cannot rely on speech alone to be understood”. Their mission is to protect and advocate the rights, autonomy, opportunity, and dignity of people with speech-related disabilities through public engagement, policy, and practice reform and systemic advocacy. 

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

ASHA provides information, resources, and support for individuals with communication disorders and offers a directory to find certified speech-language pathologists and audiologists. Their vision is to make effective communication a human right, accessible and achievable for all. 

United States Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (USSAAC)

USSAAC supports people who use AAC and their families, providing access to tools, advocacy resources, webinars, and professional training. Their mission is to promote the best possible communication for people with complex communication needs. 

Assistive Technology Industry Association (ATIA)

ATIA offers extensive information on assistive technology and AAC devices, including training webinars, product guides, and links to support networks for users of AAC. Their mission is to serve as the collective voice of the assistive technology industry so that the best products and services are delivered to people with disabilities. 

Center for AAC & Autism

The Center for AAC & Autism focuses on improving communication skills in individuals with autism through AAC. They provide training and resources for families and professionals working with nonverbal individuals. Their mission is to improve awareness of the power of alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) devices to change the lives of children who are nonverbal or have limited verbal abilities due to autism and other developmental disabilities. 

Tobii Dynavox Funding Sources

Tobii Dynavox is a company who distributes AAC devices. They do offer funding guidance to help families access necessary financial support through grants, nonprofits, and insurance programs.

AAC Institute

AAC Institute is dedicated to advancing the field of AAC. They offer resources for families and professionals for effective AAC use as well as educational materials for individuals reliant on communication aids. Their organization is dedicated to the most effective communication for people who rely on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC).